Hopfield + Hebbian hybrid memory system for LLMs. Two nights of experiments (16 iterations), validated on LongMemEval (ICLR 2025). Architecture: - Single-hop: Two-Stage Hopfield (NN top-20 → softmax settle) - Multi-hop: Hebbian W matrix with WTA pattern separation - 64% on LongMemEval (500 questions), retrieval-only, no LLM dependency - 4ms latency @ 20K memories, ~1GB VRAM Key findings: - Hopfield attention solved noise tolerance (20% → 100% vs flat Hebbian) - WTA pattern separation enables 20K+ capacity - Multi-hop associative chains (6 hops, CosSim=1.0) — RAG can't do this - MiniLM-L6 is optimal (discrimination gap > absolute similarity) - Paraphrase cue augmentation: 55% → 100% on synthetic, 36% → 64% on benchmark - SNN encoder viable (CosSim 0.99) but not needed for current architecture
5.4 KiB
5.4 KiB
NuoNuo: Hippocampal Memory Module — Architecture v2
项目目标
为 LLM(如 Gemma 4)添加一个类海马体的长期记忆模块:
- 不使用传统 RAG(向量数据库 + 检索)
- 记忆存储在网络权重(Hebbian)和显式模式(Hopfield)中
- 支持 paraphrase 容忍的模糊检索
- 支持多跳联想推理(A→B→C,RAG 做不到)
- 每晚可整合/遗忘
核心架构
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Query Embedding (from Sentence Transformer) │
│ ↓ │
│ ┌──── Stage 1: NN Pre-filter ────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ cosine(query, stored_cues) → top-20 candidates │ │
│ │ O(N) brute force, O(log N) with FAISS │ │
│ └─────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────┘ │
│ ↓ │
│ ┌──── Stage 2: Hopfield Settle ──────────────────────┐ │
│ │ softmax(β · query @ candidates^T) → attention │ │
│ │ Iterate 3 steps → converge to nearest attractor │ │
│ │ Aggregate attention by memory_id (cue variants) │ │
│ └─────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────┘ │
│ ↓ │
│ ┌──── Optional: Multi-hop Hebbian Chain ─────────────┐ │
│ │ Settled cue → WTA code → W @ code → next target │ │
│ │ Repeat for N hops (A → B → C → ...) │ │
│ └─────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────┘ │
│ ↓ │
│ Retrieved memories │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
生物学类比
| 大脑区域 | 系统组件 | 功能 |
|---|---|---|
| 嗅内皮层 (EC) | Sentence Transformer | 感知编码 |
| 齿状回 (DG) | WTA Pattern Separation | 稀疏化/正交化 |
| CA3 | Hebbian W matrix | 联想存储 + 多跳 |
| CA1 | Hopfield attention | 检索输出 |
| 睡眠重播 | W rebuild | 整合/遗忘 |
实验验证总结
| 能力 | 验证结果 | 实验 |
|---|---|---|
| Paraphrase recall (+ augmentation) | 95% | exp07e |
| Multi-hop (3 hops, 500 bg) | 100% (sim=1.0) | exp07b, 07c |
| Scale (20K memories) | 80% | exp07d |
| Exact cue recall | 100% | exp02c |
| Memory capacity | 20K+ | exp02d |
| Recall latency | 4ms @ 20K | exp05, 07d |
| SNN encoder roundtrip | CosSim 0.99 | exp01b |
参数推荐
| 参数 | 值 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
| embed_dim | 384-768 | 取决于 Sentence Transformer |
| code_dim | 16384 | Hebbian 容量 20K+ |
| k (WTA) | 50 | 平衡噪声容忍和容量 |
| β (Hopfield) | 16.0 | 中等锐度 |
| hopfield_top_k | 20 | 候选集大小,越小越稳 |
| hopfield_steps | 3 | 收敛迭代次数 |
| cue_variants | 3-5 per memory | LLM 生成 paraphrase |
VRAM 预算 (RTX 4090, 24GB)
| 组件 | 大小 |
|---|---|
| Hebbian W (16384²) | 1024 MB |
| WTA projection (384×16384) | 24 MB |
| Hopfield store (20K × 384 × 2) | ~60 MB |
| Sentence Transformer | ~90 MB |
| Gemma 4B (fp16) | ~8 GB |
| Total | ~9.2 GB |
| Headroom | ~14.8 GB |
与 Gemma 集成
推荐方案:Context Injection
# 1. User input → embed
query_emb = encoder.encode(user_input)
# 2. Recall memories
results = memory.recall(query_emb, top_k=3)
chain = memory.recall_chain(query_emb, hops=2)
# 3. Format and inject
context = format_memories(results + chain)
prompt = f"[Recalled memories]\n{context}\n\n[User]\n{user_input}"
# 4. Generate response
response = gemma.generate(prompt)
# 5. Store new memory (with LLM-generated paraphrases)
paraphrases = gemma.generate(f"Generate 3 paraphrases of: {user_input}")
memory.store(query_emb, response_emb,
cue_variants=[encoder.encode(p) for p in paraphrases])
文件结构
src/nuonuo/
├── hippocampus.py # 最终模块 v2 (Hopfield + Hebbian hybrid)
├── encoder.py # SNN spike encoder/decoder
├── memory.py # STDP + Hebbian memory (historical)
├── consolidation.py # Sleep consolidation (historical)
└── __init__.py
doc/
├── architecture.md # 本文件
├── findings.md # 核心发现与反直觉结论
├── exp01_*.md # SNN Encoder
├── exp02_*.md # Associative Recall
├── exp03_*.md # Consolidation
├── exp04_*.md # Real Embeddings
├── exp05_*.md # Benchmarks
├── exp06_*.md # BioHash
└── exp07_*.md # Hopfield (突破)